Publicado 2025-12-12
Palabras clave
- Metaphysics of Science,
- Constitution,
- Constitutive Relevance,
- Causation,
- Mechanism
- Intervention,
- Surgical,
- Interventionism,
- Level,
- Higher-Level,
- Multi-Level,
- Fundamental,
- Eliminativism,
- Nihilism,
- Mereological ...Más
- Metafísica de la ciencia,
- Constitución,
- Relevancia constitutiva,
- Causalidad,
- Mecanismo
- Intervención,
- Quirúrgica,
- Intervencionismo,
- Nivel,
- Nivel superior,
- Multinivel,
- Fundamental,
- Eliminativismo,
- Nihilismo,
- Mereológico ...Más

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Resumen
Craver (2007) ha argumentado que la relevancia constitutiva puede descubrirse mediante la manipulabilidad mutua, basada en intervenciones (Woodward, 2003). Sin embargo, los requisitos sobre las intervenciones hacen imposible la manipulabilidad mutua de los mecanismos y sus constituyentes (Baumgartner & Gebharter, 2016). Se examinan dos propuestas para proporcionar criterios empíricos de relevancia constitutiva. Ambas proporcionan solo parte de la información necesaria para construir modelos de mecanismos que representen tanto los vínculos causales como las relaciones constitutivas.
La explicación de Baumgartner, Casini y Krickel (2020) no es adecuada para mecanismos que contienen 1) cadenas causales de actividades y/o 2) actividades que funcionan en paralelo. Además, su requisito de detectar dos o más actividades simultáneamente no se ajusta a la práctica científica estándar. La tesis de Craver, Glennan y Povich (2021) según la cual la relevancia constitutiva puede reducirse a la «causalidad entre», entre la condición de entrada y la de salida de un mecanismo, no es adecuada para los mecanismos multinivel. Los modelos que no contienen ninguna representación de las relaciones constitutivas podrían representar las actividades de algún nivel fundamental hipotético. Sin embargo, tanto la existencia de dicho nivel fundamental como la aplicación de la causalidad a ese nivel son problemáticas.
La explicación de Craver, Glennan y Povich de la construcción de modelos de mecanismos conduce al resultado paradójico de que no hay niveles y, por tanto, no hay mecanismos multinivel, sino solo cadenas causales de actividades de nivel fundamental.
La clave para entender cómo se pueden construir modelos de mecanismos multinivel a partir de información empírica es que 1) los experimentos relevantes proporcionan directamente solo información sobre relaciones causales (contrariamente a lo que afirman Craver, 2007 y Baumgartner, Casini & Krickel, 2020), pero que (contrariamente a lo que afirman Craver, Glennan & Povich, 2021) esta información sobre relaciones causales puede afectar a variables de distintos niveles. Un modelo multinivel se construye en dos pasos. 1) En primer lugar, se construyen modelos parciales puramente causales para cada hipotética variable constitutiva Fi, sobre la base de experimentos descendentes y ascendentes que modifican o miden Fi de manera específica para cada nivel, 2) en segundo lugar, esos modelos parciales se fusionan en un modelo global que contiene tanto relaciones causales como de constitución entre variables, sobre la base de información sobre cada variable y restricciones espacio-temporales.
Citas
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